The need for convenience may also be at odds with recommended meal plans that are optimized for nutrition and affordability. 7 Lack of time was the leading barrier to adopting dietary guidance cited by European adults. 6 Research on low- and middle-income working parents showed that they coped with time pressures by relying more on takeout and restaurant meals and basing family meals on prepared entrees and other quick options. Even those parents who valued healthy family meals often served their children foods that were fast and easy to prepare, 5 including hot dogs, pizza, and macaroni and cheese. Time scarcity was prevalent among working parents earning low wages in the U.S. Limited time available for cooking may be one of the barriers to the adoption of more healthy diets. have revealed that time spent on cooking and food preparation has declined substantially since the 1960s, with Americans currently spending an estimated 33 minutes per day on food preparation and cleanup. 2 In a third study, women who planned meals ahead of time and enjoyed trying new recipes were more likely to consume two or more servings of fruit per day whereas women who found cooking to be a chore and spent little time cooking were less likely to consume fruit. 1 Another study found that families purchased a greater variety of vegetables on a regular basis when the main food preparer had confidence in preparing these foods. In one study, young adults who regularly prepared food consumed fast food less frequently and were more likely to meet dietary recommendations. Food preparation habits and skills have been associated with healthier dietary intakes.
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